Best Way To Spot The Problems of Agriculture and Find Solution to it

Many countries are faced with numerous problems which fight against the development of agriculture.Some of the problems are;

1. Inadequate Land or Land Tenure Systems 

 Lands cannot be sold or used as collateral by an individual.People who are not in the community find it difficult to farm due to the difficulties of getting land for farming activities. That is, non-indigene of the community cannot acquire land or have access to it. Inadequate of land does not encourage planting of permanent crops.
Solutions to Inadequate Land 
1. Fertilizers and manure should be used to increase the productivity of crops in the land available.
2. Farmers should practice crop rotation.
3. Farmers should have cooperative societies for easy allocation of farm land.

2. Inadequate Finance or credit facilities

Most subsistence farmers are poor and they do not have finance to to make purchases of land agricultural tools and machinery,improved animal breed, fertilizer and other chemicals.Due to insufficient capitals, they find it difficult to obtain a loan due to them not having the required collateral. In many situation ,farmers have no access to loans to expand their farmland.Sometimes the high interest rates charged by banks at short time for them to pay which prevents them from borrowing.Farmer have no money to construct farmstead or house.Lucky farmers who get loan uses it for chieftaincy and ceremonies.
Solutions to Inadequate Finances
1. Agricultural banks like Nigeria Agricultural and Cooperative Bank (N.A.C.B) should make farmers able to obtain loan at low interest rate within a long period body time.
2. Collaterals needed should be inform of guarantees rather than things like land, building and other valuable properties.
3. Farmers should form cooperative societies which will make it easy for them to obtain loan from commercial and agricultural banks.

3. Poor Transportation Systems

The poor transportation system has really affected agricluture.The presense of bad roads or lack of roads has actually made distribution of produce to market difficult which make the farm produce to spoil.In the rainy season ,some roads are useless.Most farms in local area are not linked to roads which cause wastage of food.Due to bad roads and lack of vehicles, there is high cost of transportation.High cost of transport increases farmers cost of production.
Solutions to Poor Transportation System.
1. Government should construct new feeders roads to open up the rural areas.
2. Spare parts for vehicle should be available at cheap price.
3. There should be regular supply of fuel.
4. There should be provision of vehicles,boats and train to help in districting farm produce.
5. Government should provide a water ways to link up to riverine areas.

4. Inadequate Storage and processing facilities 

Many produce are wasted die to lack of storage and processing facilities.Farm produce loose quality and quantity die to improper storage.Storage facilities are very expensive, which is leading to high cost of produce.Farm produce are sold of at cheap price due to lack of storage wanting to sell for it not to waste which will reduce the earnings of the farmers and which may leads to scarcity of food.Due to lack of storage, farmers don't want to encourage commercial farming because it might waste. Farmer have little knowledge or no technical know-how storage and processing.Silos,barns ,rafters, cribs, rhumbus are inadequate.
Solutions to Inadequate Storage
1. Government should provide good Storage Facilities at cheap rate.
2. Government should buy excess produce from farmers and keep it for the future.
3. There should be knowledge about how to use fumigants for storage.
4. Government should provide cold store for perishable goods and livestock product.
5. Farmers and Consumers should be trained on the technology of food storage.
6. Government should provide silos for storage in rural areas and encourage the use of cribs, barns and rhumbus etc

5. Inadequate Farm Input 

Farm inputs like chemicals, fertilizers,tools are inadequate. The available farm inputs are outdated ,crude and have low qualities. Modern farm inputs are not produced my some developing countries which them to import it.Farm inputs are sometimes not supplied to farmers at the right even when available.Farm inputs are sometimes expensive to purchase.
Solutions to Inadequate Farm inputs
1. Government should subsides the cost of farm inputs.
2. Government should establish a company where it can be available by discouraging importation.
3. Farm inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, drugs should be available in adequate quantities to farmer and be supplied at the right time.

6. Poor marketing system 

Recently, there are no organised marketing channels for farm produce.There is fluctuations in the price of agriculture produce.Since there is poor marketing of produce, farmer get discouraged by not producing more.Middlemen worsen the marketing of Agricultural produce.
Solutions to Poor marketing systems
1. Government should buy excess produce from farmers at good price to encourage farmer produce more .
2. Government should stabilize price of farm produce in the country.
3. Government should check the activities of middlemen who buys from producer and sell at higher.

7. Problems of Pests and Diseases

Pest reduces the yield of crops and diseases affect animals. Pest also reduce the quality of produce making produce to loose value as buyer don't want contaminated food.It reduces the the income of the farmers and thereby discourage them from production.
Solutions to Pest and Diseases
1. Government should supply pesticides and other chemicals used in control of pest and diseases at cheaper rates.
2. Farmers should be trained on the pest indentification , prevention and control of pest and diseases.

8. Unpredictable Climate 

Unpredictable climate really discourage farming activities in which farmer predicted to be sunny but came back to be rainy.Low or high rainfall leads to poor harvest of some crops. High or too low temperature does not permit the growth of some crops.

Solutions to Unpredictable Climate
1. Irrigation and good drainage practice should be adopted
2. Planting the covers crops like centrosema should be practised because it helps to conserve evaporation or water from soil.

9. Inadequate Tools and Machinery 

Farm tools like harrows, ploughs, planters and tractors are grossly inadequate.The use of farm tools like cutlass and how head leads to poor production.Most farmers are so poor that they can buy the farm tools and implement.Due to inadequate Machinery, only small area of land can be cultivated and will be time consuming.
Solutions to Inadequate Tools 
1. Provision of subsided modern implement .
2. Provision of loan to farmers to purchase the machines.
3. There should be importation good machines.

10. Rural Urban Migration 

This leads to the scarcity of labourers that is resulting in high cost of labour. There will be high cost of production due to high cost of labour.
Solutions to Rural Urban Migration
1. Government should provide social amenities which will convince them to stay.
2. Provision of good employment in rural areas.
3. Government should be trained on modern farming.